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Glossary of terms:

ATA  AT attachment
ATAPI
BIOS
Boot/Disk
CMOS
CSEL CSEL stands for Cable select and means that a certain type of interface cable will determine which drive is master and which is slave depending on which plug is used.
DOS
IDE/EIDE Enhanced IDE (Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics) is the latest standard used to handle communication between hard drives and the central processing unit.  As with its predecessor, Enhanced IDE consists of interface controller electronics that reside on the hard drive, along with some important new features required to keep pace with the continually evolving computer industry.
Master A single drive on a channel should always be set to master except for CSEL. If two drives are chained together on a single channel, it means that the electronics on the master drive will control the slave drive. In this case the slave drive does not use the bulk of its electronics  that reside on the drive.
Partition
PCI/Local Bus Peripheral Component Interconnect
The PCI Local Bus is a high performance bus for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems. It originated at Intel in the early 1990s as a standard method of interconnecting chips on a board.
Slave A second drive on the same IDE channel is generally set to slave except for CSEL configurations. The slave drive is controlled by the master drive electronics.